Charging device

ABSTRACT

A charging device includes a rectifier circuit which rectifies AC power output by an AC power supply, a DC-DC converter which converts a voltage of DC power output by the rectifier circuit, a charging circuit which includes a positive electrode contact point in contact with a positive electrode terminal of a mounted secondary battery and a first negative electrode contact point and a second negative electrode contact point in contact with a negative electrode terminal of the secondary battery, an output voltage from the DC-DC converter being applied between the positive electrode contact point and the first negative electrode contact point, and a control circuit which includes a photocoupler that is turned on by a difference in potential between the positive electrode contact point and the second negative electrode contact point and outputs an enable signal for the DC-DC converter when the photocoupler is on.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

The present application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No.16/498,382, filed Sep. 26, 2019, for “CHARGING DEVICE”, by MasatsuruMiyazaki and Norio Fukui, which in turn is the national phase of PCTApplication No. PCT/JP2018/003260 filed on Jan. 31, 2018, which in turnclaims priority to Japanese Application No. 2017-061187 filed on Mar.27, 2017, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in theirentireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a charging device for charging asecondary battery.

BACKGROUND ART

Secondary batteries, such as a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery and alithium-ion secondary battery, can be repeatedly used by being chargedand are widely used in various electronic devices. For example, acharging device which operates using a commercial AC power supply forhousehold use as a power source is widely used as equipment whichcharges a secondary battery. As an example of the charging device, forexample, a charging device, on which a secondary battery compatible withdry batteries is mounted and which charges the secondary battery, ispublicly known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). For example, acharging device which is connected to an electronic device, such as asmartphone or a tablet PC, via a USB cable or the like and charges asecondary battery built into the electronic device is also publiclyknown.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENT Patent Document

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-181979

SUMMARY

When a conventional common charging device is connected to a commercialAC power supply, an internal DC-DC converter is operating in thecharging device even if a secondary battery is not mounted on orconnected to the charging device. Therefore, the charging device alwaysconsumes power, albeit very little. Such power consumption is a wasteeven if a consumed amount is very small and is becoming non-negligiblein terms of energy saving. For this reason, it can be said to befundamentally desirable to connect a charging device to a commercial ACpower supply only at the time of charging a secondary battery. However,in actuality, a charging device is often left connected to a commercialAC power supply without a mounted or connected secondary battery.

The present disclosure has been made in view of the above-describedcircumstances. An object of the present disclosure is to provide acharging device low in wasteful power consumption.

In order to achieve the above object, a charging device according to thepresent disclosure includes a rectifier circuit which rectifies AC poweroutput by an AC power supply, a DC-DC converter which converts a voltageof DC power output by the rectifier circuit, a charging circuit whichincludes a positive electrode contact point in contact with a positiveelectrode terminal of a mounted secondary battery, and a first negativeelectrode contact point and a second negative electrode contact point incontact with a negative electrode terminal of the secondary battery, anoutput voltage from the DC-DC converter being applied between thepositive electrode contact point and the first negative electrodecontact point, and a control circuit which includes a switch circuitthat is turned on by a difference in potential between the positiveelectrode contact point and the second negative electrode contact pointand outputs an enable signal for the DC-DC converter when the switchcircuit is on.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide acharging device low in wasteful power consumption.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a charging device according to a firstembodiment.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a first modification of a batterymount.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a second modification of the batterymount.

FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing operation of the charging deviceaccording to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a charging device according to a secondembodiment.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing cable connection between thecharging device according to the second embodiment and an electronicdevice.

FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing operation of the charging deviceaccording to the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a charging device according to a thirdembodiment.

FIG. 9 is a timing chart showing operation of the charging deviceaccording to the third embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below withreference to the drawings.

Note that the present invention is not particularly limited to theembodiments to be described below and that it will be appreciated thatvarious modifications can be made without departing from the scope ofthe invention as set forth in the claims.

First Embodiment

A configuration and operation of a charging device 100 according to afirst embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the charging device 100 of the firstembodiment.

The charging device 100 of the first embodiment includes a rectifiercircuit 10, a DC-DC converter 20, a charging circuit 30, and a controlcircuit 40.

The rectifier circuit 10 is a circuit which rectifies AC power output byan AC power supply 50 and is a single-phase bridge type full-waverectifier circuit including a diode bridge 11 and a smoothing capacitorC1. The DC-DC converter 20 is a constant-voltage power supply whichconverts a voltage of DC power output by the rectifier circuit 10. TheDC-DC converter 20 has a standby terminal STB. The DC-DC converter 20 isin a quiescent state or a stopped state when a predetermined voltage isnot applied to the standby terminal STB and operates when thepredetermined voltage (an enable signal) is applied to the standbyterminal STB. Although the DC-DC converter 20 is, for example, aninsulated type DC-DC converter, the DC-DC converter 20 is notparticularly limited to this and may be, for example, a non-insulatedtype DC-DC converter.

The charging circuit 30 is a circuit which charges a secondary battery60 with an output voltage from the DC-DC converter 20. The chargingcircuit 30 includes a battery mount 31, a charging control unit 32, afirst field-effect transistor Q1, a second field-effect transistor Q2,and diodes D1 and D2.

The secondary battery 60 is mounted on the battery mount 31. The batterymount 31 includes a positive electrode contact point TP1 which is incontact with a positive electrode terminal of the mounted secondarybattery 60 and a first negative electrode contact point TP2 and a secondnegative electrode contact point TP3 which are in contact with anegative electrode terminal of the secondary battery 60. The firstfield-effect transistor Q1 and the second field-effect transistor Q2 areeach, for example, an n-type MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-SemiconductorField-Effect Transistor). The positive electrode contact point TP1 isconnected to an output of the DC-DC converter 20 via the firstfield-effect transistor Q1 and the second field-effect transistor Q2.The first negative electrode contact point TP2 is connected to a groundon an output side of the DC-DC converter 20. That is, the output voltagefrom the DC-DC converter 20 is applied between the positive electrodecontact point TP1 and the first negative electrode contact point TP2.

The charging control unit 32 is, for example, a publicly knownmicrocomputer control circuit or control IC (Integrated Circuit) andperforms on-off control on the first field-effect transistor Q1 and thesecond field-effect transistor Q2 in accordance with a charging statusof the secondary battery 60. The charging control unit 32 preferablyoperates on the output voltage from the DC-DC converter 20.

A source of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is connected to theoutput of the DC-DC converter 20. A source of the second field-effecttransistor Q2 is connected to the positive electrode contact point TP1.A drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is connected to a drainof the second field-effect transistor Q2. Bases of the firstfield-effect transistor Q1 and the second field-effect transistor Q2 areconnected to the charging control unit 32. The diode D1 is, for example,a parasitic diode for the first field-effect transistor Q1 and has ananode connected to the source of the first field-effect transistor Q1and a cathode connected to the drain of the first field-effecttransistor Q1. The diode D2 is, for example, a parasitic diode for thesecond field-effect transistor Q2 and has an anode connected to thesource of the second field-effect transistor Q2 and a cathode connectedto the drain of the second field-effect transistor Q2.

In the charging circuit 30 with the above-described configuration, thesecondary battery 60 is charged with the output voltage from the DC-DCconverter 20 when the first field-effect transistor Q1 and the secondfield-effect transistor Q2 are both on. Charging of the secondarybattery 60 is stopped when the first field-effect transistor Q1 and thesecond field-effect transistor Q2 are both off. If a short-circuit faultoccurs in either the DC-DC converter 20 or the secondary battery 60 whenthe first field-effect transistor Q1 and the second field-effecttransistor Q2 are both off, and charging of the secondary battery 60 isstopped, it is possible to prevent short-circuit current from flowingvia the diodes D1 and D2 in either case. This allows securement ofsafety in a case where a short-circuit fault occurs in either the DC-DCconverter 20 or the secondary battery 60.

The control circuit 40 includes a photocoupler PC as a switch circuitand resistors R1 and R2 and is a circuit which outputs an enable signalfor the DC-DC converter 20 when the photocoupler PC is on. The resistorR1 is a resistor which limits collector current from a phototransistorand has one end connected to an output of the rectifier circuit 10 andthe other end connected to a collector of the phototransistor in thephotocoupler PC. An emitter of the phototransistor in the photocouplerPC is connected to the standby terminal STB of the DC-DC converter 20. Alight-emitting diode of the photocoupler PC has an anode connected toone end of the resistor R2 and a cathode connected to the secondnegative electrode contact point TP3. The other end of the resistor R2is connected to a juncture of the drain of the first field-effecttransistor Q1 and the drain of the second field-effect transistor Q2.The resistor R2 is a resistor which limits current from thelight-emitting diode of the photocoupler PC. Adoption of theabove-described circuit configuration, in which an enable signal for theDC-DC converter 20 is output when the photocoupler PC is on, makes itpossible to transmit an enable signal from the output side to an inputside of the DC-DC converter 20 while electrical insulation between theinput side and the output side of the DC-DC converter 20 is maintained.

When the first field-effect transistor Q1 and the second field-effecttransistor Q2 are both off, a voltage of the secondary battery 60 isapplied to the light-emitting diode of the photocoupler PC via the diodeD2 to turn on the photocoupler PC. In this state, the output voltagefrom the DC-DC converter 20 is applied to the light-emitting diode ofthe photocoupler PC via the diode D1 to turn on the photocoupler PC.Thus, an enable signal for the DC-DC converter 20 is output from thephotocoupler PC even when the first field-effect transistor Q1 and thesecond field-effect transistor Q2 are both off. For this reason, theDC-DC converter 20 operates even when the first field-effect transistorQ1 and the second field-effect transistor Q2 are both off, as long asthe secondary battery 60 is mounted on the battery mount 31. Since thecharging circuit 30 can be made to operate on the output voltage fromthe DC-DC converter 20 regardless of the charging status of thesecondary battery 60, a power supply for the charging circuit 30 neednot be separately provided.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a first modification of the batterymount 31.

The first modification of the battery mount 31 has two positiveelectrode contact points TP1, two first negative electrode contactpoints TP2, and two second negative electrode contact points TP3 asdescribed earlier. The two positive electrode contact points TP1 areconnected in parallel, and a juncture thereof is connected to the sourceof the second field-effect transistor Q2. The two first negativeelectrode contact points TP2 are connected in parallel, and a juncturethereof is connected to the ground on the output side of the DC-DCconverter 20. The two second negative electrode contact points TP3 areconnected in parallel, and a juncture thereof is connected to thecathode of the light-emitting diode in the photocoupler PC.

The battery mount 31 with the above-described configuration has twosecondary batteries 61 and 62 which are connected in parallel and cansimultaneously charge the two secondary batteries 61 and 62. In thefirst modification of the battery mount 31, the DC-DC converter 20 isactivated while at least one of the two secondary batteries 61 and 62 ismounted. The first modification of the battery mount 31 can charge atleast one of the two secondary batteries 61 and 62 independently.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a second modification of the batterymount 31.

The second modification of the battery mount 31 has two contact pointsTP4 and TP5 in addition to the positive electrode contact point TP1, thefirst negative electrode contact point TP2, and the second negativeelectrode contact point TP3 described earlier. The positive electrodecontact point TP1 is connected to the source of the second field-effecttransistor Q2 and touches a positive electrode terminal of the firstsecondary battery 61. The contact point TP4 touches a negative electrodeterminal of the first secondary battery 61. The contact point TP5 isconnected to the contact point TP4 and touches a positive electrodeterminal of the second secondary battery 62. The first negativeelectrode contact point TP2 is connected to the ground on the outputside of the DC-DC converter 20. The second negative electrode contactpoint TP3 is connected to the cathode of the light-emitting diode in thephotocoupler PC. The first negative electrode contact point TP2 and thesecond negative electrode contact point TP3 touch a negative electrodeterminal of the second secondary battery 62.

The battery mount 31 with the above configuration has the two secondarybatteries 61 and 62 connected in series and can simultaneously chargethe two secondary batteries 61 and 62. As for the second modification ofthe battery mount 31, the DC-DC converter 20 is activated only when thetwo secondary batteries 61 and 62 are both mounted. The two secondarybatteries 61 and 62 are always charged together.

FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing the operation of the charging device100 according to the first embodiment.

When the secondary battery 60 is mounted on the battery mount 31 (at atime T1 or a time T3), the positive electrode terminal of the secondarybattery 60 comes into contact with the positive electrode contact pointTP1, and the negative electrode terminal comes into contact with thefirst negative electrode contact point TP2 and the second negativeelectrode contact point TP3. In this state, since the voltage of thesecondary battery 60 is applied between the positive electrode contactpoint TP1 and the second negative electrode contact point TP3, thephotocoupler PC is turned on to output an enable signal for the DC-DCconverter 20. The enable signal activates the DC-DC converter 20 in thecharging device 100, and the output voltage from the DC-DC converter 20is applied to the secondary battery 60, thereby charging the secondarybattery 60. More specifically, the voltage of the secondary battery 60mounted on the battery mount 31 causes current to flow to thelight-emitting diode of the photocoupler PC, which turns on thephototransistor of the photocoupler PC. With the turn-on, the outputvoltage from the rectifier circuit 10 is applied to the standby terminalSTB of the DC-DC converter 20, and the standby terminal STB changes tohigh level (an enable signal). Thus, the DC-DC converter 20 isactivated.

In the above-described state, the first negative electrode contact pointTP2 and the second negative electrode contact point TP3 are electricallyconnected via the negative electrode terminal of the secondary battery60. For this reason, after the DC-DC converter 20 is activated, theoutput voltage from the DC-DC converter 20 is also applied between thepositive electrode contact point TP1 and the second negative electrodecontact point TP3. Thus, the control circuit 40 is maintained in a statewhere the photocoupler PC is on with the output voltage from the DC-DCconverter 20, after the DC-DC converter 20 is activated. Since an enablesignal for the DC-DC converter 20 thus continues to be output, the DC-DCconverter 20 is maintained in an operating state.

Note that, if the charging device 100 enters a state of being notconnected to the AC power supply 50, supply of the output voltage fromthe rectifier circuit 10 stops even when the photocoupler PC is on withthe voltage of the mounted secondary battery 60. An enable signal isstopped from being output (at a time T4).

When the secondary battery 60 is removed from the battery mount 31 (at atime T2), application of the voltage of the secondary battery 60 betweenthe positive electrode contact point TP1 and the second negativeelectrode contact point TP3 is stopped. Additionally, when the secondarybattery 60 is removed from the battery mount 31, since electricalconnection between the first negative electrode contact point TP2 andthe second negative electrode contact point TP3 is lost, the outputvoltage from the DC-DC converter 20 is not applied between the positiveelectrode contact point TP1 and the second negative electrode contactpoint TP3. For this reason, the photocoupler PC is turned off, and thestandby terminal STB of the DC-DC converter 20 changes to low level dueto absence of application of the output voltage from the rectifiercircuit 10. This brings the DC-DC converter 20 into a state whereoperation is stopped or quiescent. Thus, in the charging device 100 withthe secondary battery 60 removed, the DC-DC converter 20 consumes littlepower even when the charging device 100 is left connected to the ACpower supply 50.

As described above, according to the present disclosure, it is possibleto provide the charging device 100 low in wasteful power consumption.

Second Embodiment

A configuration and operation of a charging device 100 according to asecond embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the charging device 100 of the secondembodiment. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing cable connection betweenthe charging device 100 of the second embodiment and an electronicdevice 80.

The charging device 100 of the second embodiment is different from thatof the first embodiment in a configuration of a charging circuit 30.More specifically, the charging device 100 of the second embodiment isdifferent from that of the first embodiment in that a receptacle 33 isprovided instead of the battery mount 31 of the first embodiment. Sinceother components are the same as those in the first embodiment, commoncomponents are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a detaileddescription thereof will be omitted.

The receptacle 33 is a receptacle compliant with the USB (UniversalSerial Bus) standard and has a Vbus terminal as a power supply terminal,a D+ terminal, a D− terminal, and a GND terminal as a ground terminal.The Vbus terminal of the receptacle 33 is connected to a source of asecond field-effect transistor Q2. The GND terminal of the receptacle 33is connected to a ground on an output side of a DC-DC converter 20. Thatis, an output voltage from the DC-DC converter 20 is applied between theVbus terminal and the GND terminal of the receptacle 33. A housing 331of the receptacle 33 is connected to a cathode of a light-emitting diodein a photocoupler PC. That is, in a control circuit 40, current flows tothe light-emitting diode due to a difference in potential between theVbus terminal and the housing 331 of the receptacle 33 to turn on thephotocoupler PC. At this time, an enable signal for the DC-DC converter20 is output.

As for the D+ terminal and the D− terminal of the receptacle 33, the D+terminal may be connected to the D− terminal and be short-circuited orpull-down may be performed by connecting each of the D+ terminal and theD− terminal to a ground via a resistor with a predetermined resistancevalue, although not shown.

The electronic device 80 is, for example, a smartphone or a tablet PCand includes a receptacle 81, a control unit 82, and a secondary battery83. The receptacle 81 is a USB-compliant receptacle and has a Vbusterminal, a D+ terminal, a D− terminal, and a GND terminal. The D+terminal and the D− terminal of the receptacle 81 are connected to thecontrol unit 82. The Vbus terminal of the receptacle 81 is connected toa positive electrode terminal of the secondary battery 83 via thecontrol unit 82. The GND terminal of the receptacle 81 is connected to anegative electrode terminal of the secondary battery 83 via the controlunit 82. The control unit 82 is, for example, a microcomputer controldevice or a control IC and controls charging and discharging of thesecondary battery 83.

The electronic device 80 is connected to the charging device 100 via aUSB-compliant cable 70. In the cable 70, a plug 71 is connected to thereceptacle 33 of the charging device 100, and a plug 73 is connected tothe receptacle 81 of the electronic device 80. The Vbus terminal of thereceptacle 33 is connected to the Vbus terminal of the receptacle 81 viaa power supply line of the cable 70 and is thus connected to thepositive electrode terminal of the secondary battery 83 in theelectronic device 80. The GND terminal of the receptacle 33 is connectedto the GND terminal of the receptacle 81 via a ground line of the cable70 and is thus connected to the negative electrode terminal of thesecondary battery 83 in the electronic device 80. The housing 331 of thereceptacle 33 is connected to a housing of the receptacle 81 via ashield 72 of the cable 70 and is thus connected to a ground of theelectronic device 80.

FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing the operation of the charging device100 according to the second embodiment.

When the electronic device 80 is connected to the charging device 100via the cable 70 (at a time T11 or a time T13), the positive electrodeterminal of the secondary battery 83 is connected to the Vbus terminalof the receptacle 33, and the negative electrode terminal of thesecondary battery 83 is connected to the housing 331 of the receptacle33 via the ground of the electronic device 80. Since a voltage of thesecondary battery 83 is applied between the Vbus terminal and thehousing 331 of the receptacle 33 in this state, the photocoupler PC isturned on to output an enable signal for the DC-DC converter 20. Theenable signal activates the DC-DC converter 20 in the charging device100, and the output voltage from the DC-DC converter 20 is applied tothe secondary battery 83, thereby charging the secondary battery 83.More specifically, the voltage of the secondary battery 83 in theelectronic device 80 causes current to flow to the light-emitting diodeof the photocoupler PC, which turns on a phototransistor of thephotocoupler PC. With the turn-on, an output voltage from a rectifiercircuit 10 is applied to a standby terminal STB of the DC-DC converter20, and the standby terminal STB changes to high level (an enablesignal). Thus, the DC-DC converter 20 is activated.

In the above-described state, the GND terminal of the receptacle 33 isconnected to the housing 331 of the receptacle 33 via the ground of theelectronic device 80. For this reason, after the DC-DC converter 20 isactivated, the output voltage from the DC-DC converter 20 is alsoapplied between the Vbus terminal of the receptacle 33 and the housing331 of the receptacle 33. Thus, the control circuit 40 is maintained ina state where the photocoupler PC is on with the output voltage from theDC-DC converter 20, after the DC-DC converter 20 is activated. Since anenable signal for the DC-DC converter 20 continues to be output, theDC-DC converter 20 is maintained in an operating state.

Note that, if the charging device 100 enters a state of being notconnected to an AC power supply 50, supply of the output voltage fromthe rectifier circuit 10 stops even when the photocoupler PC is on withthe voltage of the secondary battery 83 in the electronic device 80. Anenable signal is stopped from being output (at a time T14).

When the cable 70 is removed, and the charging device 100 is broughtinto a state of being not connected to the electronic device 80 (at atime T12), application of the voltage of the secondary battery 83between the Vbus terminal of the receptacle 33 and the housing 331 ofthe receptacle 33 is stopped. Since connection of the GND terminal ofthe receptacle 33 to the housing 331 of the receptacle 33 is lost inthis state, the output voltage from the DC-DC converter 20 is notapplied between the Vbus terminal of the receptacle 33 and the housing331 of the receptacle 33. For this reason, the photocoupler PC is turnedoff, and the standby terminal STB of the DC-DC converter 20 changes tolow level due to absence of application of the output voltage from therectifier circuit 10. This brings the DC-DC converter 20 into a statewhere operation is stopped or quiescent. Thus, in the charging device100 without the electronic device 80 connected, the DC-DC converter 20consumes little power even when the charging device 100 is leftconnected to the AC power supply 50.

As described above, according to the present disclosure, it is possibleto provide the charging device 100 low in wasteful power consumption.

Third Embodiment

A configuration and operation of a charging device 100 according to athird embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the charging device 100 of the thirdembodiment.

The charging device 100 of the third embodiment is different in aconfiguration of a control circuit 40 from that of the first embodiment.More specifically, the charging device 100 of the third embodiment isdifferent from that of the first embodiment in that the control circuit40 further includes an activation circuit 41. Since other components arethe same as those in the first embodiment, common components are denotedby the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof willbe omitted.

Note that it will be appreciated that the configuration of the controlcircuit 40 of the third embodiment to be described below can be appliednot only to the charging device 100 of the first embodiment but also tothe charging device 100 of the second embodiment.

The activation circuit 41 is a circuit which generates and outputs anenable signal only for a predetermined time period after a rectifiercircuit 10 is activated and includes resistors R3 to R5, a capacitor C2,and a transistor Q3.

The resistor R3 has one end connected to the output of the rectifiercircuit 10 and the other end connected to one end of the capacitor C2.The other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to a ground on an inputside of the DC-DC converter 20. The resistor R3 and the capacitor C2constitute an RC circuit. The resistor R5 is connected in parallel withthe capacitor C2. The resistor R4 has one end connected to a juncture ofthe resistor R3 and the capacitor C2 and the other end connected to abase of the transistor Q3. The transistor Q3 is a PNP type transistor.An emitter of the transistor Q3 is connected to a collector of aphototransistor in a photocoupler PC. A collector of the transistor Q3is connected to an emitter of the phototransistor in the photocouplerPC. The activation circuit 41 with this configuration has an extremelysimple circuit configuration. The activation circuit 41 is preferable inthat the charging device 100 according to the present disclosure can beimplemented at lower cost.

FIG. 9 is a timing chart showing the operation of the charging device100 of the third embodiment.

When a secondary battery 60 is mounted on a battery mount 31 (at a timeT21), a positive electrode terminal of the secondary battery 60 comesinto contact with a positive electrode contact point TP1, and a negativeelectrode terminal comes into contact with a first negative electrodecontact point TP2 and a second negative electrode contact point TP3. Inthis state, a voltage of the secondary battery 60 is applied between thepositive electrode contact point TP1 and the second negative electrodecontact point TP3. However, for example, if power of the secondarybattery 60 is almost depleted, the voltage of the secondary battery 60is low, and the photocoupler PC cannot be turned on with the voltage ofthe secondary battery 60, since an enable signal is not output from thecontrol circuit 40, the DC-DC converter 20 cannot be activated.

In the above-described case, for example, after an AC power supply 50 istemporarily disconnected (at a time T22), the AC power supply 50 isreconnected to reactivate the rectifier circuit 10 (at a time T23). Withthis reactivation, an enable signal is output from the activationcircuit 41 only for the predetermined time period, and the DC-DCconverter 20 can be activated.

More specifically, when the AC power supply 50 is disconnected, chargein the capacitor C2 of the activation circuit 41 is released (at thetime T22). Alternatively, a reset switch (not shown) which releases thecharge in the capacitor C2 may be provided, and the reset switch may beoperated. When the AC power supply 50 is reconnected to reactivate therectifier circuit 10 (at the time T23), base current for the transistorQ3 flows only for a period from when the rectifier circuit 10 isactivated to when the capacitor C2 is charged to turn on the transistorQ3 (from the time T23 to a time T25). With the turn-on of the transistorQ3, an output voltage from the rectifier circuit 10 is applied to astandby terminal STB of the DC-DC converter 20. This activates the DC-DCconverter 20, and the output voltage from the DC-DC converter 20 isapplied to the secondary battery 60, thereby charging the secondarybattery 60.

After the DC-DC converter 20 is activated, the photocoupler PC is turnedon with the output voltage from the DC-DC converter 20 (at a time T24).With this turn-on, an enable signal for the DC-DC converter 20 continuesto be output, and the DC-DC converter 20 is maintained in an operatingstate. When the secondary battery 60 is removed from the battery mount31 (at a time T26), the photocoupler PC is turned off, and the standbyterminal STB of the DC-DC converter 20 changes to low level due toabsence of application of the output voltage from the rectifier circuit10. This brings the DC-DC converter 20 into a state where operation isstopped or quiescent.

As described above, even in, for example, a case where power of thesecondary battery 60 is almost depleted, the voltage of the secondarybattery 60 is low, and the photocoupler PC cannot be turned on with thevoltage of the secondary battery 60, the charging device 100 of thethird embodiment can activate the DC-DC converter 20 and charge thesecondary battery 60.

Aspects of Present Disclosure

A charging device according to a first aspect of the present disclosureincludes a rectifier circuit which rectifies AC power output by an ACpower supply, a DC-DC converter which converts a voltage of DC poweroutput by the rectifier circuit, a charging circuit which includes apositive electrode contact point in contact with a positive electrodeterminal of a mounted secondary battery, and a first negative electrodecontact point and a second negative electrode contact point in contactwith a negative electrode terminal of the secondary battery, an outputvoltage from the DC-DC converter being applied between the positiveelectrode contact point and the first negative electrode contact point,and a control circuit which includes a switch circuit that is turned onby a difference in potential between the positive electrode contactpoint and the second negative electrode contact point and outputs anenable signal for the DC-DC converter when the switch circuit is on.

In the secondary battery mounted on the charging device, the positiveelectrode terminal is in contact with the positive electrode contactpoint, and the negative electrode terminal is in contact with the firstnegative electrode contact point and the second negative electrodecontact point. Since a voltage of the secondary battery is appliedbetween the positive electrode contact point and the second negativeelectrode contact point in this state, the switch circuit is turned onto output the enable signal for the DC-DC converter. The enable signalactivates the DC-DC converter in the charging device, and the outputvoltage from the DC-DC converter is applied to the secondary battery,thereby charging the secondary battery.

In the above-described state, the first negative electrode contact pointand the second negative electrode contact point are electricallyconnected via the negative electrode terminal of the secondary battery.For this reason, after the DC-DC converter is activated, the outputvoltage from the DC-DC converter is also applied between the positiveelectrode contact point and the second negative electrode contact point.Thus, after the DC-DC converter is activated, the control circuit ismaintained in a state where the switch circuit is on with the outputvoltage from the DC-DC converter, and the enable signal for the DC-DCconverter continues to be output.

When the secondary battery is removed from the charging device,application of the voltage of the secondary battery between the positiveelectrode contact point and the second negative electrode contact pointis stopped. Additionally, when the secondary battery is removed from thecharging device, since electrical connection between the first negativeelectrode contact point and the second negative electrode contact pointis lost, the output voltage from the DC-DC converter is not appliedbetween the positive electrode contact point and the second negativeelectrode contact point. For this reason, the switch circuit is turnedoff to stop the enable signal for the DC-DC converter from being output.This brings the DC-DC converter into a state where operation is stoppedor quiescent. Thus, in the charging device with the secondary batteryremoved, the DC-DC converter consumes little power even when thecharging device is left connected to a commercial AC power supply.

As described above, according to the first aspect of the presentdisclosure, the operational effect of allowing provision of a chargingdevice low in wasteful power consumption is achieved.

As for a charging device according to a second aspect of the presentdisclosure, in the aforementioned first aspect of the presentdisclosure, the switch circuit includes a photocoupler, and alight-emitting diode of the photocoupler emits light upon receivingcurrent flowing due to the difference in potential between the positiveelectrode contact point and the second negative electrode contact point,and the control circuit outputs the enable signal for the DC-DCconverter when a phototransistor of the photocoupler is on.

According to the second aspect of the present disclosure, it is possibleto transmit the enable signal from an output side to an input side ofthe DC-DC converter while maintaining electrical insulation between theinput side and the output side of the DC-DC converter.

As for a charging device according to a third aspect of the presentdisclosure, in the aforementioned second aspect of the presentdisclosure, the charging circuit includes a first field-effecttransistor, a second field-effect transistor, and a charging controlunit which performs on-off control on the first field-effect transistorand the second field-effect transistor in accordance with a chargingstatus of the secondary battery, a source of the first field-effecttransistor being connected to an output of the DC-DC converter, a sourceof the second field-effect transistor being connected to the positiveelectrode contact point, and a drain of the first field-effecttransistor being connected to a drain of the second field-effecttransistor, and the light-emitting diode of the photocoupler has ananode connected to a juncture of the drain of the first field-effecttransistor and the drain of the second field-effect transistor and acathode connected to the second negative electrode contact point.

The secondary battery is charged with the output voltage from the DC-DCconverter when the first field-effect transistor and the secondfield-effect transistor are both on. Charging of the secondary batteryis stopped when the first field-effect transistor and the secondfield-effect transistor are both off. If a short-circuit fault occurs ineither the DC-DC converter or the secondary battery when the firstfield-effect transistor and the second field-effect transistor are bothoff, and charging of the secondary battery is stopped, it is possible toprevent short-circuit current from flowing via a parasitic diode foreach field-effect transistor in either case.

When the first field-effect transistor and the second field-effecttransistor are both off, the voltage of the secondary battery is appliedto the light-emitting diode of the photocoupler via a parasitic diodefor the second field-effect transistor to turn on the phototransistor ofthe photocoupler. In this state, the output voltage from the DC-DCconverter is applied to the light-emitting diode of the photocoupler viaa parasitic diode for the first field-effect transistor to turn on thephototransistor of the photocoupler. Thus, the enable signal for theDC-DC converter is output from the switch circuit even when the firstfield-effect transistor and the second field-effect transistor are bothoff. For this reason, the DC-DC converter operates even when the firstfield-effect transistor and the second field-effect transistor are bothoff, as long as the secondary battery is mounted. Since the chargingcircuit can be made to operate on the output voltage from the DC-DCconverter regardless of the charging status of the secondary battery, apower supply for the charging circuit need not be separately provided.

As described above, according to the third aspect of the presentdisclosure, it is possible to secure safety in a case where ashort-circuit fault occurs in either the DC-DC converter or thesecondary battery and implement a charging device according to thepresent disclosure at lower cost.

A charging device according to a fourth aspect of the present disclosureincludes a rectifier circuit which rectifies AC power output by an ACpower supply, a DC-DC converter which converts a voltage of DC poweroutput by the rectifier circuit, a charging circuit which includes areceptacle having a power supply terminal connected to a positiveelectrode terminal of a secondary battery in an electronic device via apower supply line of a cable and a ground terminal connected to anegative electrode terminal of the secondary battery via a ground lineof the cable, a housing of the receptacle being connected to a ground ofthe electronic device via a shield of the cable, an output voltage fromthe DC-DC converter being applied between the power supply terminal ofthe receptacle and the ground terminal of the receptacle, and a controlcircuit which includes a switch circuit that is turned on by adifference in potential between the power supply terminal of thereceptacle and the housing of the receptacle and outputs an enablesignal for the DC-DC converter when the switch circuit is on.

While the electronic device is connected to the charging device via thecable, the power supply terminal of the receptacle is connected to thepositive electrode terminal of the secondary battery in the electronicdevice, and the ground terminal of the receptacle is connected to thenegative electrode terminal of the secondary battery in the electronicdevice. Additionally, the housing of the receptacle is connected to theground of the electronic device and is connected to the negativeelectrode terminal of the secondary battery via the ground of theelectronic device. In this state, since a voltage of the secondarybattery is applied between the power supply terminal of the receptacleand the housing of the receptacle, the switch circuit is turned on tooutput the enable signal for the DC-DC converter. The enable signalactivates the DC-DC converter in the charging device, and the outputvoltage from the DC-DC converter is applied to the secondary battery,thereby charging the secondary battery.

In the above-described state, the ground terminal of the receptacle isconnected to the housing of the receptacle via the ground of theelectronic device. For this reason, after the DC-DC converter isactivated, the output voltage from the DC-DC converter is also appliedbetween the power supply terminal of the receptacle and the housing ofthe receptacle. Thus, after the DC-DC converter is activated, thecontrol circuit is maintained in a state where the switch circuit is onwith the output voltage from the DC-DC converter, and the enable signalfor the DC-DC converter continues to be output.

While the electronic device is not connected to the charging device viathe cable, the voltage of the secondary battery is not applied betweenthe power supply terminal of the receptacle and the housing of thereceptacle. Since the ground terminal of the receptacle is not connectedto the housing of the receptacle in this state, the output voltage fromthe DC-DC converter is not applied between the power supply terminal ofthe receptacle and the housing of the receptacle. For this reason, theswitch circuit is turned off to stop the enable signal for the DC-DCconverter from being output. This brings the DC-DC converter into astate where operation is stopped or quiescent. Thus, in the chargingdevice without the electronic device connected via the cable, the DC-DCconverter consumes little power even when the charging device is leftconnected to the commercial AC power supply.

As described above, according to the fourth aspect of the presentdisclosure, the operational effect of allowing provision of a chargingdevice low in wasteful power consumption is achieved.

A charging device according to a fifth aspect of the present disclosureis the charging device according to the aforementioned fourth aspect,wherein the switch circuit includes a photocoupler, a light-emittingdiode of the photocoupler emits light upon receiving current flowing dueto the difference in potential between the power supply terminal of thereceptacle and the housing of the receptacle, and the control circuitoutputs the enable signal for the DC-DC converter when a phototransistorof the photocoupler is on.

According to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure, the sameoperational effect as that of the aforementioned second aspect of thepresent disclosure is achieved.

As for a charging device according to a sixth aspect of the presentdisclosure, in the aforementioned fifth aspect of the presentdisclosure, the charging circuit includes a first field-effecttransistor, a second field-effect transistor, and a charging controlunit which performs on-off control on the first field-effect transistorand the second field-effect transistor in accordance with a chargingstatus of the secondary battery, a source of the first field-effecttransistor being connected to an output of the DC-DC converter, a sourceof the second field-effect transistor being connected to the powersupply terminal of the receptacle, and a drain of the first field-effecttransistor being connected to a drain of the second field-effecttransistor, and the light-emitting diode of the photocoupler has ananode connected to a juncture of the drain of the first field-effecttransistor and the drain of the second field-effect transistor and acathode connected to the housing of the receptacle.

As described above, according to the sixth aspect of the presentdisclosure, the same operational effect as that of the aforementionedthird aspect of the present disclosure is achieved.

As for a charging device according to a seventh aspect of the presentdisclosure, in any one of the charging devices according to theaforementioned first to sixth aspects of the present disclosure, thecontrol circuit further includes an activation circuit which generatesand outputs the enable signal only for a predetermined time period afterthe rectifier circuit is activated.

For example, if the AC power supply is reconnected to reactivate therectifier circuit after the AC power supply is temporarily disconnected,the enable signal is output from the activation circuit only for thepredetermined time period, which activates the DC-DC converter. Afterthe DC-DC converter is activated, the enable signal can be maintainedwith the output voltage from the DC-DC converter, as described earlier.Thus, even in, for example, a case where power of the secondary batteryis almost depleted, the voltage of the secondary battery is low, and theswitch circuit cannot be turned on with the voltage of the secondarybattery, it is possible to activate the DC-DC converter and charge thesecondary battery.

As for a charging device according to an eighth aspect of the presentdisclosure, in the aforementioned seventh aspect of the presentdisclosure, the activation circuit includes an RC circuit to which anoutput voltage from the rectifier circuit is applied and a transistorwhich is turned on upon receiving base current flowing only for a periodfrom when the rectifier circuit is activated to when a capacitor of theRC circuit is charged, and which outputs the enable signal for the DC-DCconverter when the transistor is on.

According to the eighth aspect of the present disclosure, since theactivation circuit is composed of an extremely simple circuit, it ispossible to implement a charging device according to the presentdisclosure at lower cost.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE SIGNS

10 rectifier circuit

20 DC-DC converter

30 charging circuit

40 control circuit

41 activation circuit

100 charging device

1. A charging device comprising: a rectifier circuit which rectifies ACpower output by an AC power supply; a DC-DC converter which converts avoltage of DC power output by the rectifier circuit; a charging circuitwhich includes a receptacle having a power supply terminal connected toa positive electrode terminal of a secondary battery in an electronicdevice via a power supply line of a cable and a ground terminalconnected to a negative electrode terminal of the secondary battery viaa ground line of the cable, a housing of the receptacle being connectedto a ground of the electronic device via a shield of the cable, anoutput voltage from the DC-DC converter being applied between the powersupply terminal of the receptacle and the ground terminal of thereceptacle; and a control circuit which includes a switch circuit thatis turned on by a difference in potential between the power supplyterminal of the receptacle and the housing of the receptacle and outputsan enable signal for the DC-DC converter when the switch circuit is on.2. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the switch circuitincludes a photocoupler, a light-emitting diode of the photocoupleremits light upon receiving current flowing due to the difference inpotential between the power supply terminal of the receptacle and thehousing of the receptacle, and the control circuit outputs the enablesignal for the DC-DC converter when a phototransistor of thephotocoupler is on.
 3. The charging device according to claim 2, whereinthe charging circuit includes a first field-effect transistor, a secondfield-effect transistor, and a charging control unit which performson-off control on the first field-effect transistor and the secondfield-effect transistor in accordance with a charging status of thesecondary battery, a source of the first field-effect transistor beingconnected to an output of the DC-DC converter, a source of the secondfield-effect transistor being connected to the power supply terminal ofthe receptacle, and a drain of the first field-effect transistor beingconnected to a drain of the second field-effect transistor, and thelight-emitting diode of the photocoupler has an anode connected to ajuncture of the drain of the first field-effect transistor and the drainof the second field-effect transistor and a cathode connected to thehousing of the receptacle.
 4. The charging device according to claim 1,wherein the control circuit further includes an activation circuit whichgenerates and outputs the enable signal only for a predetermined timeperiod after the rectifier circuit is activated.
 5. The charging deviceaccording to claim 4, wherein the activation circuit includes an RCcircuit to which an output voltage from the rectifier circuit is appliedand a transistor which is turned on upon receiving base current flowingonly for a period from when the rectifier circuit is activated to when acapacitor of the RC circuit is charged, and which outputs the enablesignal for the DC-DC converter when the transistor is on.